Original article | Turkish Journal of Teacher Education 2013, Vol. 2(2) 65-81
Emel Okur-Berberoglu, Selcuk Uygun
pp. 65 - 81 | Manu. Number: MANU-1811-19-0004
Published online: December 31, 2013 | Number of Views: 39 | Number of Download: 997
Abstract
There is a gap between theory and practice within environmental education (EE). Outdoor EE can cover this gap because experiential learning is the basis of it. The aim of this research to inquiry if outdoor EE is effective teaching method in terms of gaining environmental knowledge, awareness, and attitude of in-service teachers. The quantitative methodology and pretest-posttest-control (PPC) groups design are used. There are two control groups and one experimental group. The educators teach subjects via outdoor experimental activities for experimental group. The indoor experimental activities are used for control group 1; traditional methods (lecturing, question-answer, discussion) are used for control group 2. Indoor EE is more effective in terms of gaining knowledge while outdoor EE is more effective on developing awareness, and attitude.
Keywords: outdoor education, environmental education, quantitative methodology, PPC design, sustainable development, in-service teachers
How to Cite this Article? |
---|
APA 6th edition Harvard Chicago 16th edition |
References |
---|
Auer, M. A. (2008). Sensory perception, rationalism and outdoor environmental education. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education. 17 (1), 6-12. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.2167/irgee225.0. Balim, A. G., Inel, D., Evrekli, E (2008). The effects the using of concept cartoons in science education on students’ academic achievements and enquiry learning skill perceptions. Elementary Online, 7(1), 188- 202. Retrieved from http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr/vol7say1/v7s1m14.pdf. Barker, M.& Rogers, L. (2004). In, about, for: Exploring the foundations of environmental education. Set 2, 15- 18. ISSN 0110-6376. Bell, A. C., Russell, C. L.& Plotkin, R. (1998). Environmental learning and the study of extinction. The Journal of Environmental Education, 29 (2), 4-10. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/pqdlink?vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&ver=1&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=26865983&exp=10-23-2016&scaling=FULL&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1319592319&clientId=8119. Blair, M. (2008). Community environmental eductaion as a model for effective environmental programmes. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 24, 45-53. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&hid=105&sid=87e1d5d1-127a-4481-afc8-e9fafe0d03db%40sessionmgr104. Bolstad, R. (2003). Environmental education: Roots in the past, visions of the future, opprtinities in the present. Set: Research Informations for the Teachers, 3, 10-14. Bozkurt, O.& Kaya, O. N. (2008). Teaching about ozone layer depletion in Turkey: Pedagogical content knowledge of science teachers. Public Understending of Science, 17, 261- 276. Retrieved from http://pus.sagepub.com/content/17/2/261. Breidler, I. (1999). Two primary schools on the way towards ecologisation. Cambridge Journal of Education, 29 (3), 367-377. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0305764990290307 . Brookes, A. (2004). Astride a long-dead horse: mainstream outdoor education theory and central curriculum problem. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 8 (2), 22-33. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/pqdweb?index=0&did=1058624701&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1317861588&clientId=8119. Bunderson, E. D., &. Cooper, J. G. (1997). An environmental education partnership for Utah secondary schools: A plant species ınventory for the box death hollow wilderness area. The American Biology Teacher, 59 (6), 332-336. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/stable/pdfplus/4450324.pdf?acceptTC=true Buyukozturk, S. (2007a). Data analyses handbook for social science. Ankara: Pegem A Publication. Buyukozturk, S. (2007b). Experimental designs: Pretest- posttest- control groups design and data analyses. Ankara: Pegem A Publication. Chapman, D. J. (2004). Education for the environment: Towards teacher empowerment. Published PhD Thesis, Massey University, New Zealand. Retrieved from http://muir.massey.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10179/1638/02_whole.pdf?sequence=1. Clinch, E. (2007). Scientific literacy and undergraduate education at Rutgers University, Published Master of Science Thesis, The State University of New Jersey, USA. Retrieved from http://mss3.libraries.rutgers.edu/dlr/showfed.php?pid=rutgers-lib:22841. Csobod, E. (2002). Hungary an education ınitiative for a sustainable future. In Daniella Tilbury, Robert B. Stevenson, John Fien, Danie Schreuder (Ed.), Education and sustainability responding to the global challenge (p. 99-106). Retrieved from http://www.ibcperu.org/doc/isis/13028.pdf . Dewey, J. (2010). The need for philosophy of education, 1934. Schools: Studies in Education, 7 (2), 244- 245. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=eaf82a70-6c96-40f9-8c10-2da6d51c3f72%40sessionmgr113&vid=2&hid=107. Elliott, J. (1999). Sustainable society and environmental education: Future perspectives and demands for the educational system. Cambridge Journal of Education, 29 (3), 325-340. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0305764990290303. Emmons, K. M. (1997). Perceptions of the environment while exploring the outdoors: A case study ın Belize. Environmental Education Research, 3(3), 327-344. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1350462970030306. Eryaman, M. Y., Yalcin- Ozdilek S, Okur, E., Cetinkaya, Z., Uygun, S. (2010). A participatory action research study of nature education ın nature: Towards community-based eco-pedagogy. International Journal of Progressive Education, 6 (3), 26-37. Retrieved from http://www.inased.org/v6n3/ijpev6n3.pdf. Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics (Second Edition). London: Sage Publications. Fien, J. & Mclean, R. (2000). Teacher education for sustainability. II. two teacher education projects from asia and the pasific, Journal of Science and Technology Eductaion, 9 (1), 37-48. Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/content/k1rj633085208l50/fulltext.pdf. Fien, J. & Rowling, R. (1996). Reflective practice: A case study of professional development for environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education, 27 (3), 11-20. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/ehost/detail?sid=77a9f14a-4920-4e0b-83a4-8d1e7b726bd8%40sessionmgr110&vid=1&hid=106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pbh&AN=9606156946&anchor=toc. Goudie, C. A. (2008). Institutionalizing ecological literacy: A critical component of the new “green” economy. Business Perpectives, 19 (3), 16- 21. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1080/14729671003669321. Gokce, N., Kaya, E., Atay, S. & Ozden, M. (2007). Environmental attitudes of elementary students. Elementary Online, 6 (3), 452-468. Retrieved from http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr/vol6say3/v6s3m35.pdf. Guler, T. (2009). The effects of an ecology based environmental education on teachers’ opinions about environmental education. Education and Science, 34 (151), 30-43. Retrieved from http://uvt.ulakbim.gov.tr/uvt/index.php?cwid=9&vtadi=TPRJ%2CTTAR%2CTTIP%2CTMUH%2CTSOS%2CTHUK&c=google&ano=99742_6938c6ce274774ada726a13418e3f360. Hanna, G. (1995). Wilderness- related environmental outcomes of adventure and ecology education programming. The Journal of Environmental Education, 27 (1), 21-32. Retrieved from http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/educ5165-731/Readings/Wilderness%20Outcomes%20Adv%20-Ecology%20-%20Hanna.pdf . Harrison, S. (2010). Why we are here? ‘Taking Place‘ ınto account in UK outdoor environmental education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 10 (1), 3-18. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1080/14729671003669321. HSLS (High School Longitudinal Study of 2009/HSLS:09) (2010). Base-year field test report, national center for educational statistics, ınstution of education science, U.S Department of Education. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED512407.pdf. Huck, S. W. (2004). Reading statistics and research (4. Edition). USA: Allyn&Bacon Inc. Irwin, D. (2010). Weaving the threads of education for sustainability and outdoor education, Published PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.signsofchange.org.nz/abode/685/documents/14_David_Irwin_Outdoor%20Education%20CPIT.pdf. Keles, O., Uzun, N& Varnaci-Uzun, F. (2010). The change of teacher candidates‟ environmental consciousness, attitude, thought and behaviours with nature training project and the assessment of its permanence. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 9 (32), 384-401. Retrieved from http://www.naimuzun.com/yayinlar/kelesuzunuzun.pdf. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. New York: Guilford Press. Lucas, A. M. (1972). Environment and environmental education: Conceptual ıssues and curriculum ımplications, PhD Dissertation, Ohio State University, College of Education, Retrieved from http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Lucas%20Arthur.pdf?osu1298993758. Lugg, A. & Slattery, D. (2003). Use of national park for outdoor environmental education: An Australian case study. Journal of Adventure Education& Outdoor Learning, 3 (1), 77-92. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/doi/pdf/10.1080/14729670385200261. Madin, E. M. P.& Fenton, D. M. (2004). Environmental interpretation in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: An assessment of programme effectiveness. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12 (2), 121- 137. Retrieved from http://elizabeth.madin.com.au/research_5_files/Madin04JSustTourism.pdf. Molles, M. C. (2008). Ecology. Boston: McGraw- Hill Higher Education. Ozdemir, O. (2010). The effects of nature-based environmental education on environmental perception and behavior of primary school students. Educational Journal of Pamukkale University, 27, 125- 138. Retrieved from http://pauegitimdergi.pau.edu.tr/Makaleler/558790463_ss.125-138.pdf. Ozden, M. (2008). Environmental awareness and attitudes of student teachers: An empirical research. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 17 (1), 40-55. Palmberg, I. E.& Kuru, J. (2000). Outdoor activities as a basis for environmental responsibility. The Journal of Environmental Education, 31 (4), 32-36. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=09-26-2016&FMT=7&DID=59564817&RQT=309. Parker, T. & Meldrum, K. (1973). Outdoor Education. London: Aldine Press. Peers, I. S. (1996). Statistical analysis for education & psychology researchers. London: Falmer Press. Pfaffenwimmer, G. F. (1998). The ecologisation of schools in Austria. The Journal of The OECD Programme On Educational Building, 34, 12-15. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/12/1821451.pdf. Piller, N. (2002). Outdoor education: A dialogue between theory and practice, and implementation suggestions for the Discovery 10 program at St. George’s School. The University of British Columbia, The Faculty of Eductaion Department of Curriculum Studies, Master of Arts Thesis, Canada. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/13379/ubc_2002-0534.pdf?sequence=1. Posch, P. (1999). The ecologisation of schools and ıts ımplications for educational policy. Cambridge Journal of Education, 29 (3), 341-348. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0305764990290304. Preston, L. & Griffiths, A. (2004). Pedagogy of connections: Findings of a collaborative action research project ın outdoor and environmental education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 8 (2), 36-45. Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/fullText;dn=139846;res=AEIPT. Preston, L. (2004). Making connection with nature: Bridging the theory- practice gap ın outdoor and environmental education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 8 (1), 12-19. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/pqdlink?vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&ver=1&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1060181621&exp=09-24-2016&scaling=FULL&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1317074552&clientId=8119. Rauch, F. (2002). The potential of education for sustainable development for reform ın schools. Environmental Education Research, 8 (1), 43-51. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13504620120109646. Sencan, H. (2005). Validity& reliability at social & behavioral scale. Ankara: Seckin Publication. Sonmez, V. (2005). Methodological errors in scientific research. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 5 (18), 150- 170. Simsek, O. F. (2007). Entry to structural equation modelling, basic rules& LISREL applications. Ankara: Ekinoks Publications. Tabachnick, B. G.& Fidel, L. S. (1989). Using multivariate statistics (Second Edition). New York: HarperCollins Publishers Thomas, G. (2005). Traditional adventure activities ın outdoor environmental education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 9 (1), 31-39. Retrieved from http://www.latrobe.edu.au/education/downloads/thomas_g_ajoe_v9n1_thomas.pdf. Thomashow, M. (1998). Ecological identity: Becoming a reflective environmentalist (3rd Edition). Massachusetts: MIT Press. Tilbury, D. (1995). Environmental education for sustainability: Defining the new focus of environmental education in the 1990s. Environmental Education Research, 1 (2), 195-212. UNESCO United Nations Sustainable Development (1992). Promoting education, public awareness and training, Report of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Chapter 36, Rio de Jenerio, 3- 14 June. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/Agenda21.pdf. Ward, K. S. (1996). EE teacher ınservice education: The need for new perspectives. Journal of Environmental Education, 27 (2), 11-17. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/ehost/detail?sid=319bf1b4-ad90-42c29f11a4dd76ff4e09%40sessionmgr104&vid=1&hid=127&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pbh&AN=9604111674. Yardimci, E. (2009). The effects of activity-based nature education within summer-science camp on 4th and 5th grade students’ perception of nature. Published Master Thesis. The University of Abant İzzet Baysal, Bolu. |