|  e-ISSN: 2147-5156

Original article | Turkish Journal of Teacher Education 2023, Vol. 12(1) 1-25

Historical Development of Pedagogical Formation Education and a Model Proposal

Osman Yildirim, Meliha Kose

pp. 1 - 25   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2209-27-0009.R1

Published online: June 25, 2023  |   Number of Views: 86  |  Number of Download: 710


Abstract

This study aimed to examine the historical process of the Pedagogical Formation Education Certificate Program in Turkey and to propose a new model. Document analysis was used in the study. The 1973 Law No. 1739 on the Fundamental Law on National Education gave bachelor's degree graduates the right to take Pedagogical Formation Training Certificate Program courses through in-service training courses and become teachers. About the pedagogical formation education certificate, a directive dated September 28, 2021, on the teaching practice of students in educational institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education came into force recently. By the aim of the study, the quality of pedagogical formation education practices from 1973 to 2021 was analyzed and the proportion of courses offered to students was compared. According to the findings, the decisions and practices regarding the program from 1973 to 2021 do not constitute unity. The fact that experience and knowledge are not taken into account shows that a unique Pedagogical Formation Education Certificate Program model that can be used in the Turkish education system has not been put forward. Based on the issue a new model was developed. It is expected that this model will offer a new perspective to education politicians and teacher training institutions and contribute to the development of teacher training programs specific to the Turkish education system

Keywords: Pedagogical Formation Education, Teaching Profession Courses, Non-Thesis Master's Degree


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Yildirim, O. & Kose, M. (2023). Historical Development of Pedagogical Formation Education and a Model Proposal . Turkish Journal of Teacher Education, 12(1), 1-25.

Harvard
Yildirim, O. and Kose, M. (2023). Historical Development of Pedagogical Formation Education and a Model Proposal . Turkish Journal of Teacher Education, 12(1), pp. 1-25.

Chicago 16th edition
Yildirim, Osman and Meliha Kose (2023). "Historical Development of Pedagogical Formation Education and a Model Proposal ". Turkish Journal of Teacher Education 12 (1):1-25.

References

    Abazoglu, I., Yildirim, O. & Yildizhan, Y. (2016). Teacher training in the Turkish education system from past to present. International Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 4(6), 143-160. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/goputeb/issue/34311/379503

    Acikgoz, K. U. (2003). Effective learning and teaching. Kanyilmaz Printing House.

    Akdemir, A. S. (2013). The history and problems of teacher training programs in Turkey. Electronic Turkish Studies, 8(12), 15-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.5706

    Aslan, M., & Saglam, M. (2018). Evaluation of teaching practice course according to opinions of student teachers. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 33(1), 144-162. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2017030313

    European Commission (2013). Key data on teachers and school leaders in Europe. Eurydice Report. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union.

    Azar, A. (2011). A discourse on teacher education in Turkey: quality? Is it quantity? Journal of Higher Education and Science, 1(1), 36-38. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/higheredusci/issue/61474/917968

    Bakac, E., & Ozen, R. (2017). Examining preservice teachers' material design self-efficacy beliefs based on their technological pedagogical content knowledge competencies. Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Faculty of Education Journal (KEFAD), 18(2), 613-632. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefad/issue/59416/853301

    Berry, B., Montgomery, D., & Snyder, J. (2008). Urban Teacher Residency Models and Institutes of Higher Education: Implications for teacher preparation. The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503644.pdf

    Beyzadeoglu, Y. Z. (1976), End of letter teaching. Alkim, 63-64, 16-18.

    Bilir, A. (2011). Historical evolution of teacher training and employment policies in Turkey. Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences, 44(2). https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001231

    Buchberger, B., Campos, P., Kallos, D., & Stephenson, J. (Ed.). (2000). Green Paper on Teacher Education in Europe: High-Quality Teacher Education for High Quality Education and Training. Thematic Network on Teacher Education in Europe. Fakultetsnämnden för lärarutbildning: Umeå universitet.

    Calisici, B. (2019). An evaluation of teacher training policies in Turkey between 2006-2018 [Master's thesis]. Hacettepe University.

    Can, S. (2010). Attitudes of non-thesis master's students towards the teaching profession. Mugla University Journal of Social Sciences Institute (ILKE), 24(1), 1-28 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/musbed/issue/23516/250562

    Chong, S., & Cheah, H. M. (2009). A value, skill and knowledge framework for Initial teacher preparation programmes. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 34, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2009v34n3.1

    Dennis, B. D. V. (2016). Teacher residency melds classroom theory with clinical practice. PDK International, 97(7), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721716641642

    State Institute of Statistics (1975), National Education statistics 1974 inter-university selection exam survey results and higher education statistics at the beginning of the 1974-75 academic year. Ankara State Institute of Statistics Printing House

    Doganay, A., Tas, M. A., Yesilpınar, M., Yolcu, E., Turkkan, B. T., Mediha, S. & Akbulut, T. (2015). The search for a model in pre-service teacher education. International Journal of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, 5(9), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.31704/c9s1

    Dundar, H. & Karaca, E. T. (2013) Formation students' metaphors about the pedagogical formation program. Journal of Gazi University Industrial Arts Education Faculty, 30, 19-34. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/esef/issue/28790/308082

    Elkatmis, M., Demirbas M. & Ertugrul, N. (2013). Self-efficacy beliefs of education faculty students and science and literature faculty students taking formation education towards teaching profession. Pegem Journal of Education and Training, 3(3), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.14527/C3S3M4

    Eraslan, L., Cakici, D. (2011). Attitudes of pedagogical formation program students towards teaching profession. Kastamonu Journal of Education, 19(2), 427-438. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefdergi/issue/49052/625756

    Erden, M. (1999). Introduction to the teaching profession. Alkım Publications.

    ESME, I. (2003). The Story of a 130 Year Process in Teacher Training: Higher Teacher Training Schools. Journal of National Education,160.

    Fidan, N. (1975). On teaching by letter. Ankara Publishing House.

    Gatti, L. (2019). Learning to teach in an urban teacher residency. Urban Education, 54(9), 1233-1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085916641171

    Geray, C. (1977). Yaykur application. Dogan Press.

    Humphrey, D. C., Wechester, M. E., & Hough, H. J. (2008). Characteristics of effective alternative teacher certification programs. Teacher College Record, 110, 1-63.

    Ilgaz, G., Ozgur, H. &, Cuhadar, C. (2016). The adaptation of technostress scale into Turkish, abstracts of the 11th international Balkan education and science congress, 69.

    Ilgan, A., Sevinc, O. S. & Ari, E. (2013). Professional attitudes and contemporary teacher perceptions of pedagogical formation program teacher candidates. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 32(2), 175-195. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/omuefd/issue/20245/214774

    Izci, E. & Koc, S. (2012). Investigation of achievement orientation levels of students receiving pedagogical formation education. Journal of Dicle University Institute of Social Sciences, 8, 32-43. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/diclesosbed/issue/61615/920134

    Kartal, T. & Afacan, O. (2013). Examination of the attitudes of teacher candidates who received pedagogical formation education towards the teaching profession. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education Journal, 24, 76-96. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/maeuefd/issue/19397/206074

    Kavcar, C. (1998). Turkish education and its problems. Ankara University TÖMER Language Journal, 65, 5-17.

    Kaya, E., Hururoglu Y., Keser, S. & Horoz A. (2011). The view of the students of the faculty of education on the right to formation given to the students of the faculty of science and literature. Eastern Geography Journal, 26, 213-222. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunidcd/issue/2454/31263

    Koehler, M., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary issues in technology and teacher education, 9(1), 60-70.

    Kose, A. (2017). Pedagogical formation practice according to academics working in pedagogical formation education: Problems, solution suggestions. Kirsehir Education Faculty Journal, 18(2), 709-732. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kefad/issue/59416/853285

    Kucukahmet, L. (2007). Evaluation of teacher training undergraduate programs that started to be implemented in the 2006-2007 academic year. Turkish Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(2), 203–218. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tebd/issue/26116/275135

    MoNE (1973). National Education Basic Law. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14574.pdf. Access Date: 20.02.2022

    MoNE (1980). The decision of the education and training committee about the pedagogical formation program. Journal of Notifications. 2064 (30 June 1980). Access Date: 18.02.2022

    MEGSB (1988). In-service training establishment development activities (1960-1987).

    MoNE (1998) Directive on the teaching practice that teacher candidates will make in educational institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. http://tebligler.meb.gov.tr/index.php/tuem-sayilar/viewcategory/62-1998. Access Date: 20.03.2022

    MoNE (2006). In-service training plans. https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/www/icerik_goruntule. php? KNO=28. Access Date: 15.03.2022

    MoNE (2016) General Directorate of Teacher Training and Development, dated 07.10.2017 and numbered E.10971190, on the establishment of the practice student evaluation system. https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/www/uygulama-ogrencisi-is-ve-islemleri/icerik/717. Date of access. 18.03.2022

    MoNE (2018a). 2023 Education Vision. https://2023vizyon.meb.gov.tr. Access Date: 25.02.2022

    MoNE (2018b). https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/www/uygulama-ogrencisinde-mill-egitim-bakanligina-bagli-egitim-ogretim-kurumlarinda-yapacaki-ogretmenlik-uygulamasina-iliskin-yonerge/icerik/ 668. Access Date: 21.03 .2022

    MoNE (2020). The letter of the general directorate of teacher training and development, dated 29.06.2020 and numbered 8615756 (On the abolition of the certificate-based pedagogical formation program and the opening of programs at the graduate level).

    MoNE (2021a). Teaching areas, assignment and teaching principles. Journal of Announcements, 84(2766), 1030-1036. http://tebligler.meb.gov.tr/index.php/tuem-sayilar/ view category/89. Access Date: 18.02.2022

    MoNE (2021b). The directive regarding the teaching practice that the students will do in the educational institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. Journal of Announcements, 84(2767), 1049-1064. https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2021_10/03181211_OYGYRETMENLIYK_UYGULAMASI_YOYNERGE_2021_EYLUYL_EK.pdf. Access Date: 20.02.2022

    MoNE (2022a). Teaching profession law. Official Gazette, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ legislation? Legislation No=7354&LegislationTur= 1&Legislation Arrangement=5. Access Date: 20.03.2022

    MoNE (2022b). In-service training plans. https://oygm.meb.gov.tr/www/icerik_goruntule. php? KNO=28. Access Date: 02.04.2022

    Niemi, H., & Jakku-Sihvonen, R. (2011). Teacher education in Finland. Teacher education in Finland. European dimensions of teacher education: Similarities and differences, 33-51.

    OYGM (2021a). In-service training plans. http://oygm.meb.gov.tr/www/icerik_goruntule.php?KNO=28. Access Date: 18.03.2022

    Ozkıilic, R., Bilgin, A., & Kartal, H. (2008). Evaluation of teaching practice course according to opinions of teacher candidates. Elementary Education Online, 7(3), 726-737.

    Resch, K., & Schrittesser, I. (2021). Using the Service-Learning approach to bridge the gap between theory and practice in teacher education. International Journal of Inclusive Education. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13603116.2021.1882053?needAccess=true

    Sakaoglu, N. (2003). The history of education from the Ottoman period to the present. Istanbul Bilgi University Publications.

    Silay, I. & Gok, T. (2004). A study on the problems that pre-service teachers encounter in practice schools and the suggestions prepared to solve these problems. XIII. National Educational Sciences Congress, İnönü University, Türkiye

    Snoek, M. (2011). Teacher Education in Netherlands. In M. V. Zuljan & J. Vogrinc (Ed.), European dimensions of teacher education- similarities and differences, 33-53. University of Ljubljana.

    Sisman, M., & Acat, M. B. (2003). The effect of teaching practice studies on the perception of the teaching profession. Fırat University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 235-250. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/firatsbed/issue/6315/84513

    Taskın, S., T. & Hacıomeroglu G. (2010) The importance of vocational knowledge courses in the professional development of teacher candidates. Pamukkale University Journal of Education Faculty, 28 (2), 165-174. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/pauefd/issue/11115/132916\

    Parliament, (1997). Appointment of classroom teacher from outside the field. https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/ develop/owa/ Tutanak_B_SD.birlesim_baslangic_yazici?P4= 189&P5= B& page1=85& page 2 = 85. Access date: 26.03.2022

    TEDMEM. (2021). 2020 Education evaluation report. Turkish Education Association.

    Topsakal, C. (2015). Teacher training and teaching profession policies in Turkey. TYB Academy Journal of Language, Literature and Social Sciences, 13(13), 97-108.

    Ulubey, O., Yildirim, K. & Alpaslan, M. M. (2018). Investigation of the effect of pedagogical formation education certificate program on teacher candidates' perception of teacher identity. Journal of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Education, 5(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.403519

    Appropriate, S. (2013). Turkish education system problems (Traditional and Current). Nobel Publications.

    Uysal, I. &  Kosemen, S. (2013). "Examination of general self-efficacy beliefs of teacher candidates". Journal of Education and Training Research, 3(2), 217-226.

    Wang, A. H., Coleman, A. B., & Coley, R. P. (2003). Preparing teachers around the world. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

    Yaman, B. (2010). Classroom management perceptions of teachers who have not received pedagogical formation education: Aksaray province example. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 9(31) 53-72. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/esosder/issue/6145/82485

    Yildirim, A., & Simsek, H. (2008). Qualitative Research Methods in Social Sciences (6th Edition). Seckin Publishing.

    Yildirim, A., & Simsek, H. (2011). Qualitative Research Methods in Social Sciences (11th Edition). Seckin Publishing.

    Yildirim, O., Arhan, S. (2017). Comparison of Course Weights in Teacher Training Programs. National Education, 213(197), 197-217. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/milliegitim/issue/36137/405977

    Yilmaz, G. (2015). The difficulties encountered in teacher training practices through pedagogical formation and the evaluation of graduates' employment. [Master's thesis]. Firat University, Institute of Educational Sciences.

    YOK (1998). “Faculty of Education Teacher Training Undergraduate Programs. Higher Education Council Presidency”. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/egitim-fakultesi-ogretmen-yetistir - undergraduate-programlari-mart-1998.pdf. Access Date: 18.02.2022

    YOK (2007a). Teacher Training and Education Faculties (1982-2007). Turkish Higher Education Council.

    YOK (2007b). Faculty of Education Teacher Training Undergraduate Programs. TR Higher Education Council.https://www.yok.gov.tr/ Documents/ Yayinlar/ Yayinlarimiz/egitim-fakultesi-ogretmen-yetistir-lisans-programlari.pdf. Access Date: 19.02.2022

    YOK (2012). The decision taken at the general assembly meeting of the Council of Higher Education dated April 5, 2012 to abolish pedagogical formation education. https://www.yok.gov.tr/kurumsal/idari-birimler/egitim-ogretim-dairesi/pedagojik-formationla-ille-sss/aciklama-ve-duyurular. Accessed: April 23, 2012

    YOK (2014). Explanation Regarding the Pedagogical Formation Education Certificate Programs to be Started for Graduation Stage and Graduates as of the end of 2013-2014 Academic Year Spring Term, Except for Central Placement by ÖSYM (25.06.2014). https://www.yok.gov.tr/kurumsal/idari-birimler/egitim-ogretim/pedagojik-formationla-ilenen-sss/aciklama-ve-duyurular. Access Date: 29.03.2022

    YOK (2018). Teacher training undergraduate programs. Ankara University Printing House Directorate.

    YOK (2021a). Framework procedures and principles regarding the pedagogical formation education certificate program. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Kurumsal/IdariBirimler/egitim_ogretim_daire_bsk/pedagojik-formation-usul-ve-esaslar.aspx. Access Date: 20.02.20